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Thus, some who hold to a “late” exodus suggest Rameses II may have been Israel’s early oppressor, and his son, Merneptah, would have ruled during the exodus … Dedumose II (died c. 1690 BC): David Rohl's 1995 A Test of Time revised Egyptian history by shortening the Third Intermediate Period of Egypt by almost 300 years. Ossipumphnoferu. When Thutmose I died after a reign of about fifteen years (d1515 B.C. Amenhotep II, the seventh Pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty, notably suffered a lack of military campaigns beginning in 1446 BC (Exodus 14:28), and his heir, Thutmose IV, was criticized for being a less-than-legitimate successor (Exodus 11:4–5; 12:29). History shows that Amenhotep II had only been co-Pharaoh for a couple of years when this firstborn infant son died. Thutmose II is best qualified to be the pharaoh of Exodus based on the fact that he had a brief, prosperous reign and then a sudden collapse with no son to succeed him. 1500/1493–1489/79 BCE), was Moses himself. And five times Pharaoh hardens his heart. Thutmose I reign = 1516-1504 reigned 12 years Thutmose II reign = 1504-1486 reigned 18 years (Some evidence for a 18 Year reign) (Candidate for Pharaoh of Exodus) 1486B.C. Exodus 12:29-31. Those who hold to the Late Date set the exodus somewhere around 1250 BC, which would make Seti I and Ramesses II the two pharaohs. The Hebrews in the wilderness built the golden calf probably in honor of their most famous queen, within their same … He was the general of Thutmose III who was probably the Exodus pharaoh. Based on the timing of the Exodus it works out better than the Ramses II, 19th Dynasty timeframe, but … no sure answers either way. Amenhotep II reign (1450-1425 BC.) The answer is that Thutmose III died and his infant grandson died. and died sometime between then and … Thutmose I, (Pharaoh of the Exodus ? After this, God gives Pharaoh five opportunities to repent and humble himself. Moses and Aaron went to see Pharaoh, now Amenhotep II, son of Thutmose III, who ascended the throne at the age of 18 in 1450 BC. Queen Hatshepsut worshiped the cow goddess Hathor. Because Thutmose II and Hatshepsut had no male heirs, the son of a lesser wife was made heir. After Merneptah, Egypt’s New Kingdom descended into internal struggle and civil war, with the chief exception being the reign of Rameses III (who had his hands full fighting off the Sea Peoples). Amenemhat who had been designated as Thutmose III’s eldest son and heir in 1455 B.C. Therefore, due to limitations that represent fixed points in biblical and Egyptian chronologies, if Amenhotep II was the exodus-pharaoh, he could not have died in the Red-Sea incident. He would have been about 22 in 1446 BC at the time of the Exodus. ), successor to Amenhotep I, though not his son was already the possessor of an army of veterans when he ascended the throne. Notably, the Pharaoh who ruled in the early chapters of Exodus was dead by the time Moses returned to free Israel (Exodus 2:21–23). According to the Bible, Moses was 80 years old at that time. When all the evidence is considered, they remain the most likely candidates. His story is real Black History. Contemporary archaeological records such as the Amarna letters indicate a major disruption in Canaan blamed on a people referred to as … Hatshepsut reign = 1486-1464 reigned 22 years Thutmose III reign = 1486-1432 reigned 54 years (Israel enters Canaan) 1447 B.C. Professor Meyer said: "Using biblical chronology, this Pharaoh who died shortly before the Exodus can be identified as the famous and powerful Thutmose III - 1504 to 1450 BC. First, he is the Pharaoh who died closest to the Biblical date of the Exodus and no Pharaoh died for a quarter of a century before him (Hatshepsut) and no Pharaoh died for another quarter of a century after him (Amenhotep II). (1485-1464) First, was when he was a baby and his step-mother Hatshepsut ruled as co-regent for 21 years. 1462 BC or later, leaving nine years too few for the reigns of all of the intervening monarchs. 1 (March 1, 2006): 83, ATLA Religion Database with ATLASerials, EBSCOhost (accessed Oct. 3, 2014). The identification of the Pharaoh in whose reign the Exodus of the Children of Israel took place was long one of the most important points in Egyptian chronology. In my earlier article on the date of the Exodus, I selected Thutmose III as the Pharaoh of the Exodus for several reasons. Because of this incompatibility between the history of Thutmose III and the … 1. But there were three distinct phases to his rule. Despite the fragility of the mummies, the cavalcade was accompanied by fireworks and ceremonial salvos from the assembled military honor guard. If we consider Amenhotep II as the Pharaoh of the Exodus, it was his eldest son, the brother of his successor (Thutmose IV) who was killed by the angel of death at the tenth plague.. Professor Meyer said: “Using biblical chronology, this Pharaoh who died shortly before the Exodus can be identified as the famous and powerful Thutmose III – 1504 to 1450 BC. ?) Amenhotep II would have been much younger than Ramses II during their perspective times for the Exodus making it more likely he was able to lead and participate in military attacks. Thutmose III, a son by the concubine of Thutmose II, was the new pharaoh. Some proponents of the early Exodus date (around 1450 BC) propose the successor of Thutmose III, his son Amenhotep II, as a possible option for the pharaoh of the Exodus. The author wants us to see that even the most heinous and absurd forms of human evil are not a true threat to God’s purposes. Moses was born during the reign of Thutmose I, and this and other evidence qualifies Hatshepsut as the daughter of pharaoh who pulled Moses from the Nile. Thutmose III was the Pharaoh of the Exodus, a military genius, and one of the most successful Black Kings in history. The mummy of Thutmose I was thought to be lost, but Egyptologist Gaston Maspero, largely on the strength of familial resemblance to the mummies of Thutmose II and Thutmose III, believed he had found his mummy in the otherwise unlabelled mummy #5283. places him as the Pharaoh during the Exodus and his father Thutmose III as the Pharaoh during the oppression. Furthermore, it is unlikely that the original audience of the Book of Exodus would have been thinking of Rameses II when they heard the story. 5:1-3). Continuing to follow this theory means that Thutmose III, Hatshepsut’s son would be the Pharaoh of the Exodus after Moses’ return from Midian. Thutmose III had Hatshepsut's name chiseled off Egyptian monuments because she was the one who had saved Moses life. Thutmose III, who reigned from 1479-1425 B.C., and was succeeded by Amenhotep II, who was not his firstborn son. would give the date of his birth. The early date view places it in the 15th century BC under Amenhotep II. Ex. If Thutmose II was in fact the Pharaoh of the: Exodus, there are some very interesting coincidences to support this. Thutmose II: The Pharaoh of the Exodus After the death of the two previous kings, and a 40 year sojourn in Midian, Moses was free to return from exile during the reign of Thutmose II, hence the command of God, "Go, return into Egypt: for all the men are dead which sought thy life" (Ex.4:19). The pharaoh of the Exodus was Thutmose III, for Thutmose II was sickly and Hatshepsut ruled for him. Many believe Thut II was the Pharaoh of the persecution where Thut III was the Pharaoh of the Exodus. Rameses II is not the pharaoh of the Exodus because the pharaoh of the Exodus is a fictional character who is not given a name—probably on purpose. Exodus 14:30 (The Israel ... Thutmose I, Thutmose II, Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, Amenhotep II, Thutmose IV, Amenhotep III, Seti I, Ramses II, Merenptah, Seti II, Siptah, Ramses III, Ramses IV, Ramses V, Ramses VI and Ramses IX. Pharaoh of the Exodus. According to Biblical chronology, Moses fled from Egypt a few years before the beginning of the sole reign of the Thutmose III. 2. There are two prominent views for the date of the exodus. 103 making her female pharaoh of equal rank. If Amenhotep II was the exodus-pharaoh, he obviously lived through the the tenth and final plague (cf. The early date theory is most in harmony of Egyptian chronology and biblical historiography.1971 and led most Palestinian archaeologist to dismiss it entirely. First, he is the Pharaoh who died closest to the Biblical date of the Exodus and no Pharaoh died for a quarter of a century before him (Hatshepsut) and no Pharaoh died for another quarter of a century after him (Amenhotep II). Thutmose III and Amenhotep II were simultaneously Pharaoh's of the Exodus! Even if Thutmose II ruled for the minimum of four years, the reign of Amenhotep II had to begin in ca. “His son and successor who became the Pharaoh of the Exodus was Amenhotep II – 1454 to 1419 BC. She later assumed total monarchal authority. Pharaoh’s response (see Exodus 5:1-2) is to balk at the God of Israel. They point to a decrease in military activity during his reign and a slave raid he conducted to the north that reportedly brought back more than 100,000 slaves, as indications of problems in Egypt and the need to replenish … Adding 80 Biblical years to 1486 B.C. Thutmose III is the Pharaoh of the oppression, and Amenhotep II was the Pharaoh of the exodus. In fact, if Thutmose III was the Pharaoh of the exodus, he and his army survived the Red Sea event quite nicely, for Thutmose III undertook vast campaigns of conquest and is considered by many scholars to have been the most powerful of all the Pharaohs (along with his powerful son and successor, Amenhotep II). 2 Pharaoh's! he was succeeded by the physically weak Thutmose II, who is known to have died prematurely. Hatshepsut was then appointed regent, due to Thutmose III being so young when he took to the throne. His story is real Black History. In my earlier article on the date of the Exodus, I selected Thutmose III as the Pharaoh of the Exodus for several reasons. Three passages in the Pentateuch indicate that the Israelites were physically similar to the Egyptian nobility that ruled when the Israelites dwelt there and could not be easily distinguished from them (Genesis 42.8, 50.1-11, Exodus 2.19). Those who hold to the Early Date see the exodus taking place in c. 1446 BC, with either Thutmose II/Thutmose III or Thutmose III/Amenhotep II as the pharaohs of the oppression and exodus. Of course, this could be reconciled with either Thutmose III as Pharaoh of the Exodus, or with Rameses II, or with any Pharaoh in between. 3 This theory places the xodus in the 13 th century B.C. Pharaoh of Moses’ flight to Midian: Thutmose II/Hatshepsut: 1498-1485 BCE. Because of his name and the dating in 1 Kings of 1441, some researchers have surmised that the pharaoh who ruled previous to that time, Thutmose II (fl. Thutmose II. Considering the racially tumultuous history… Amenhotep II reign = 1434-1409 reigned 25 years Coreigned with father 2 years 4 months Amarna “Amenhotep II and the historicity of the Exodus-pharaoh” Master’s Seminary Journal 17 no. As a by-result the synchronisms with the biblical narrative have changed, making the Second Intermediate Period king Dedumose II the pharaoh of the Exodus. Pharaoh of the Exodus: Thutmose III: 1485/1464-1431 BCE. When Thutmose II died prematurely, Hatshepsut assumed the role of pharaoh along with and her younger (male) nephew (& stepson) Thutmose III. For example one common Egyptian timeline has Thutmose II dying in 1486 B.C., this would therefore be considered the date of the Exodus. - Moses requested that Israel be permitted to take a three-day journey into the desert to offer sacrifices to God (Exod. 12:30-31), which means he could /not/ have been “the king’s eldest son,” a title the Egyptians frequently used of pharaoh’s oldest son, who stood in line behind his father as the heir apparent to the throne.

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