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In 1064, just after the capture of Ani by Alp Arslan (leader of the Seljuk Turks), the Armenian king of Kars, Gagik-Abas, paid homage to the victorious Turks so that they would not lay siege to his city. Luoghi imperdibili per mangiare, bere e festeggiare. Attiva per il trasporto merci e passeggeri. In 1065 Gagik-Abas ceded his kingdom to the Byzantine Empire, but soon after Kars was taken by the Seljuk Turks. Le fortificazioni vennero ricostruite dal sultano Murad III e resistettero fino all'assedio di Nadir Shah dell'impero persiano nel 1731. Kars in Kars with it's 77,486 citizens is a city in Turkey about 541 mi (or 871 km) east of Ankara, the country's capital city. [9] The current kaymakam is Nur Sevinç Özbek. Semplice, veloce ed economico. Its walls date back to the Bagratuni Armenian period (there is surviving masonry on the north side of the castle) but it probably took on its present form during the thirteenth century when Kars was ruled by the Zak'arid dynasty. Comunque, il sultano Murad probabilmente ricostruì gran parte delle mura della città, che sono simili a quelle che l'esercito ottomano costruì ad Ardahan (cfr: Fernand Braudel 'Civiltà ed imperi del Mediterraneo nell'età di Filippo II' Giulio Einaudi Editore, Torino 1976, quarta edizione, p. 1256, ivi cita corrispondenze da Venezia, del 17 ottobre, e da Istanbul (recto: Costantinopoli) del 2 marzo, questa rende conto di 'due giorni di festeggiamenti nel Serraglio del Gran Signore' per il quasi completamento della fortezza, ed una del 5 settembre 1579, in cui si esprime il timore, riferito al Sultano, che si 'inorgoglisca ancor più del giusto' per la costruzione della fortezza di Kars). Kars Tourism: Tripadvisor has 6,038 reviews of Kars Hotels, Attractions, and Restaurants making it your best Kars resource. Nel 1387 la città si arrese a Tamerlano e le sue fortificazioni vennero danneggiate. Kars est une ville de Turquie orientale (en arménien est Ղարս ou Կարս ; Qars en azéri ; Qers en kurde), préfecture de la province du même nom. As a settlement at the juncture of Turkish, Armenian, Georgian, Kurdish and Russian cultures, the buildings of Kars come in a variety of architectural styles. The treaty allowed for Soviet annexation of Adjara in exchange for Turkish control of the regions of Kars, Igdir, and Ardahan. [18] It became the head of a sanjak in the Ottoman Erzurum Vilayet. Popolazione: 8.672 (1878); 20.891 (1897); 54.000 (1970); 142.145 (1990); 130.361 (2000). Available online, Provisional National Government of the Southwestern Caucasus, Government of the Grand National Assembly, List of twin towns and sister cities in Turkey, "Population of province/district centers and towns/villages by districts - 2012", "Geography Stabo - Book XI - Chapter XIV", "Kars Seçim Sonuçları - 31 Mart 2019 Yerel Seçimleri", "The Fall of Kars – April 25, 1918 | Aniarc", "Border Turks Want Door to Armenia Kept Shut", "Armenia border opening out of question, says Davutoğlu", "Turkish, Armenian journalists want the border opened", "The provinces with highest out-migration according to their net migration rate", "Kars, Turkey Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)", "Turkey will not open Armenia border amid Karabakh occupation: Erdoğan - Turkey News", "Baku-Tbilisi-Kars (BTK) railway track becomes operational to carry Chinese goods to Europe", THE CATHEDRAL OF KARS: Holy Apostles Church (Surb Arak'elots), Pictures of the city and the nearby city of Ani, 700+ pictures of city, Kümbet Camii, Kale and Ani, The official city guide of the Kars municipality, Kars Guide and Photo Album by Luc Wouters. Hotel a Kars con accesso diretto alle piste, Hotel vicino a: (LWN) Aeroporto Internazionale Shirak di Gyumri. The treaty included de jure provisions guaranteeing the Armenian residents right to relinquish Turkish nationality, leave the territory freely and take with them either their goods or the proceeds of their sale, but by some accounts formerly Armenian lands had de facto become state property as a consequence of the treaty. Le sue mura risalgono al periodo pre-bagratide (di cui rimane solo una muratura sul lato nord), ma probabilmente assunse la forma attuale durante il XIII secolo, quando Kars era governata dalla dinastia Zakarid. Turkey found itself in a difficult position: it wanted good relations with the Soviet Union, but at the same time they refused to give up the territories. The municipality of Kars has developed sister city relationships with following cities at home and abroad:[56], harvnb error: no target: CITEREFLordkipanidzeHewitt1987 (, Krikorian, Robert O. The fortress was stormed by the Russians in the Battle of Kars during the Russo-Turkish War, 1877-78[18] under generals Loris-Melikov and Ivan Lazarev. Nella prima guerra mondiale la città divenne uno dei principali obiettivi dell'esercito ottomano durante la battaglia di Sarıkamış nella campagna del Caucaso. [27] Kars had been fortified to withstand a lengthy siege but, to the astonishment of all, was taken with little resistance by Turkish forces on 30 October 1920, in what some modern scholars have called one of the worst military fiascoes in Armenian history. È in progetto la costruzione di una linea che colleghi Kars alla città georgiana di Akhalkalaki, e da lì a Tbilisi e Baku, in Azerbaigian. [16] On June 8, 1604, during the next bout of hostilities between the two archrivals, the Ottoman-Safavid War of 1603-1618, Safavid ruler Abbas I retook the city from the Ottomans. Kars divenne così la capitale dell'Oblast' di Kars che comprendeva i distretti di Kars, Ardahan, Kağızman e Oltu. [50], Kars is served by a main highway from Erzurum, and lesser roads run north to Ardahan and south to Igdir. [29], After World War II, the Soviet Union attempted to annul the Kars treaty and regain the Kars region and the adjoining region of Ardahan. The church was converted to a mosque in 1579, and then converted into a Russian Orthodox church in the 1880s. Medieval Armenian historians referred to the city by a variety of names, including "Karuts' K'aghak'" (Kars city), "Karuts' Berd", "Amrots'n Karuts'" (both meaning Kars Fortress) and "Amurn Karuts'" (Impenetrable Kars). Ad un certo punto nel IX secolo (almeno nell' 888) divenne parte del territorio dei bagratidi, e divenne la capitale del loro regno dal 928 al 961. Tale dichiarazione è falsa. Le mura attraversano molti luoghi, inclusa una khachkar con un edificio in cui sono state rinvenute delle iscrizioni in lingua armena, che per la maggior parte riportano la dichiarazione che il castello di Kars venne costruito dal sultano Murad III dell'impero ottomano durante la guerra contro l'impero persiano intorno al XVI secolo. [14][15] In 1585, during the Ottoman-Safavid War of 1579-1590, the Ottomans took the city alongside Tabriz. Sul tamburo della cupola è inciso un bassorilievo dei dodici apostoli e la cupola stessa è coperta da un tetto conico. On the exterior, the drum of contains bas-relief depictions of twelve figures, usually interpreted as representing the Twelve Apostles. [11] During this period the town's cathedral, later known as the Church of the Holy Apostles, was built. Kars has a Kurdish majority or plurality. [25] The Ottomans refused to relinquish Kars; its military governor instead established a government, the Provisional National Government of the Southwestern Caucasus, led by Fahrettin Pirioglu, that claimed Turkish sovereignty over Kars and Turkish-speaking regions as far as Batumi and Alexandropol (Gyumri). Il 7 giugno 1945, l'ex ministro sovietico Vjačeslav Molotov disse all'ambasciatore turco a Mosca che le regioni dovevano tornare all'Unione Sovietica, in nome sia della Georgia sia dell'Armenia. Kars has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfb), with a significant difference between summer and winter temperatures, as well as night and day temperatures, due to its location away from large bodies of water, its high elevation and relatively high latitude, being where the high plateau of Eastern Anatolia converges with the Lesser Caucasus mountain range. During a break between the Russian campaigns in the region conducted against the Ottomans, in 1821, commander-in-chief Abbas Mirza of Qajar Iran occupied Kars,[20] further igniting the Ottoman-Persian War of 1821-1823. Ha ospitato un piccolo museo negli anni sessanta e settanta, poi lasciato in disuso per circa vent'anni, fino alla sua conversione in moschea nel 1998. Following the Peace of Amasya of 1555 that followed through the Ottoman-Safavid War of 1533-1555, the city was declared neutral, and its existing fortress was destroyed. Turkey's border with Armenia was closed down after the Armenia occupied the Nagorno Karabakh region in Azerbaijan. Kars was in the ancient region known as Chorzene, (in Greek Χορζηνή) in classical historiography (Strabo), part of Roman Armenia. Anatolian beyliks followed for some time after that, until it firstly fell into the hands of the Kara Koyunlu and subsequent Ak Koyunlu. Orhan Pamuk in the novel Snow, set in Kars, makes repeated references to "the Russian houses", built "in a Baltic style", whose like cannot be seen anywhere else in Turkey, and deplores the deteriorating condition of these houses. "Kars oblast". Kars was the capital of Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia between 928 and 961. The "Taşköprü" (Stone Bridge) is a bridge over the Kars river, built in 1725. The Russians built porches in front of the church's three entrances, and an elaborate clocktower (now demolished) next to the church. [21], From 1878 to 1881 more than 82,000 Muslims from formerly Ottoman-controlled territory migrated to the Ottoman Empire. Il trattato stabilì anche le condizione per una relazione pacifica tra i due paesi, ma all'inizio del 1939 alcuni diplomatici britannici notarono che l'Unione Sovietica non era soddisfatta dei confini stabiliti. Tale guerra portò alla conquista di Kars da parte delle forze turche il 30 ottobre 1920. Fu durante questo periodo che la cattedrale, poi chiamata Chiesa degli Apostoli, venne costruita.[1]. Il sindaco di Kars Naif Alibeyoğlu ritiene che quel confine debba essere riaperto e che non dovrebbero esserci dei sentimenti antinazionalisti contro gli armeni.[3]. The ethnic make-up of Kars is also reflected in politics, with the Turks and Azerbaijanis often voting for the nationalist MHP and the Kurds often voting for the pro-Kurdish HDP. On June 7, 1945, Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov told the Turkish ambassador to Moscow Selim Sarper that the regions should be returned to the Soviet Union, on behalf of the Georgian and Armenian republics. After the Bolshevik advance into Armenia, the Treaty of Alexandropol was superseded by the Treaty of Kars (October 23, 1921), signed between Turkey and the Soviet Union. [citation needed] In 1387 the city surrendered to Timur (Tamerlane) and its fortifications were damaged. However, temperatures can plummet to −35 °C (−31.0 °F) during the winter months.

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