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The most prevalent were substrata (the language of the original inhabitants), as the Italian dialects were most likely simply Latin as spoken by native cultural groups. sg. Like in English, common nouns are capitalized when occurring at the beginning of a sentence. [15][16], The standard Italian language has a poetic and literary origin in the writings of Tuscan writers of the 12th century, and, even though the grammar and core lexicon are basically unchanged from those used in Florence in the 13th century,[17] the modern standard of the language was largely shaped by relatively recent events. This enabled the production of more pieces of literature at a lower cost and as the dominant language, Italian spread.[26]. «La dominazione sabauda in Sardegna può essere considerata come la fase iniziale di un lungo processo di italianizzazione dell'isola, con la capillare diffusione dell'italiano in quanto strumento per il superamento della frammentarietà tipica del contesto linguistico dell'isola e con il conseguente inserimento delle sue strutture economiche e culturali in un contesto internazionale più ampio e aperto ai contatti di più lato respiro. [40] PSG - OM : la toile s'enflamme après la victoire marseillaise ! However, Romance vernacular as language spoken in the Apennine peninsula has a longer history. It thus became expected to learn at least some Italian. It has an official minority status in western Istria (Croatia and Slovenia). [29] According to the Ethnologue, Lexical similarity is 89% with French, 87% with Catalan, 85% with Sardinian, 82% with Spanish, 80% with Portuguese, 78% with Ladin, 77% with Romanian. "To have" is used to form compound conjugation when the verb is transitive ("Ha detto", "ha fatto": he/she has said, he/she has made/done), while "to be" is used in the case of verbs of motion and some other intransitive verbs ("È andato", "è stato": he/she has gone, he/she has been). [32] In particular, its vowels are the second-closest to Latin after Sardinian. Throughout Italy, regional variations of Standard Italian, called Regional Italian, are spoken. Saint-Etienne match chaine. The Italians who emigrated during the Italian diaspora beginning in 1861 were often of the uneducated lower class, and thus the emigration had the effect of increasing the percentage of literates, who often knew and understood the importance of Standard Italian, back home in Italy. [1][2] Including Italian speakers in non-EU European countries (such as Switzerland, Albania and the United Kingdom) and on other continents, the total number of speakers is approximately 85 million. Italian has geminate, or double, consonants, which are distinguished by length and intensity. Date : dimanche 5 mai. European Charter for Regional or Minority languages, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Geographical distribution of Italian speakers, List of territorial entities where Italian is an official language, Italian-language international radio stations, List of Italian musical terms used in English, "Despite Brexit, English Remains The EU's Most Spoken Language By Far", "Centro documentazione per l'integrazione", "Pope Francis to receive Knights of Malta grand master Thursday - English", Ethnologue report for language code:ita (Italy), "Languages covered by the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages", "MULTILINGVISM ŞI LIMBI MINORITARE ÎN ROMÂNIA", "An Introduction to the Protestant Reformation", "Information Technology and Economic Change: The Impact of the Printing Press", "Lewis, M. Paul (ed.) Examples are Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, where Talian is used, and the town of Chipilo near Puebla, Mexico; each continues to use a derived form of Venetian dating back to the nineteenth century. There are 27 pronouns, grouped in clitic and tonic pronouns. Superstrata and adstrata were both less important. [72] Letters used in foreign words can be replaced with phonetically equivalent native Italian letters and digraphs: ⟨gi⟩, ⟨ge⟩, or ⟨i⟩ for ⟨j⟩; ⟨c⟩ or ⟨ch⟩ for ⟨k⟩ (including in the standard prefix kilo-); ⟨o⟩, ⟨u⟩ or ⟨v⟩ for ⟨w⟩; ⟨s⟩, ⟨ss⟩, ⟨z⟩, ⟨zz⟩ or ⟨cs⟩ for ⟨x⟩; and ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩ for ⟨y⟩. Diffusion : BeIN Sports 1 et 4. Italian stems from a literary language that is derived from the 13th-century speech of the city of Florence in the region of Tuscany, and has changed little in the last 700 years or so. The feminine singular indefinite articles are una, used before any consonant sound, and its abbreviated form, written un', used before vowels: una camicia 'a shirt', una camicia bianca 'a white shirt', un'altra camicia 'a different shirt'. ASSE : Sergi Palencia file en prêt ! Infront Moto Racing is the company that manages the exclusive television, marketing and promotional world wide rights of the FIM Motocross World Championship, the FIM Motocross of Nations, the FIM Women's Motocross World Championship, the FIM Veteran's Motocross World Cup, the FIM Junior Motocross World Championship, the FIM Snowcross World … Nouns, adjectives, and articles inflect for gender and number (singular and plural). Albums Photos. [42] Nevertheless, an Italian language media market does exist in the country.[43]. According to many sources, Italian is the closest language to Latin in terms of vocabulary. Il s'agit ici d'un agenda télé, d'un programme TV des prochains matchs de foot intégraux de Saint-Etienne diffusés en direct ou différé sur les chaines de la télévision française (TNT, satellite, câble, ADSL, hertzien). The Italian language was able to spread even more with the help of Luther and the invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg. John Milton, for instance, wrote some of his early poetry in Italian. Dante's epic poems, known collectively as the Commedia, to which another Tuscan poet Giovanni Boccaccio later affixed the title Divina, were read throughout the peninsula and his written dialect became the "canonical standard" that all educated Italians could understand. Italian literature's first modern novel, I promessi sposi (The Betrothed) by Alessandro Manzoni, further defined the standard by "rinsing" his Milanese "in the waters of the Arno" (Florence's river), as he states in the preface to his 1840 edition. Italian is today used in commerce and it is still spoken especially among elders; besides that, Italian words are incorporated as loan words in the main language spoken in the country (Tigrinya). Descriptive adjectives are the most common, and their endings change to match the number and gender of the noun they modify. pl. The most important of the few exceptions are the following (see below for more details): The Italian alphabet is typically considered to consist of 21 letters. Eventually, Bembo's ideas prevailed, and the foundation of the Accademia della Crusca in Florence (1582–1583), the official legislative body of the Italian language, led to publication of Agnolo Monosini's Latin tome Floris italicae linguae libri novem in 1604 followed by the first Italian dictionary in 1612. Rencontre : AS Monaco - ASSE. Some other features that distinguish Italian from the Western Romance languages: Standard Italian also differs in some respects from most nearby Italian languages: Italian phonotactics do not usually permit verbs and polysyllabic nouns to end with consonants, except in poetry and song, so foreign words may receive extra terminal vowel sounds. Italian has a shallow orthography, meaning very regular spelling with an almost one-to-one correspondence between letters and sounds. There are numerous productive suffixes for diminutive, augmentative, pejorative, attenuating, etc., which are also used to create neologisms. TV übers Internet auf allen deinen Geräten. As Tuscan-derived Italian came to be used throughout Italy, features of local speech were naturally adopted, producing various versions of regional Italian. A third category of nouns is unmarked for gender, ending in -e in the singular and -i in the plural: legge 'law, f. Cases exist for personal pronouns (nominative, oblique, accusative, dative), but not for nouns. [20] Humanists began forming new beliefs in various forms: social, political, and intellectual. [45], According to the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, every year there are more than 200,000 foreign students who study the Italian language; they are distributed among the 90 Institutes of Italian Culture that are located around the world, in the 179 Italian schools located abroad, or in the 111 Italian lecturer sections belonging to foreign schools where Italian is taught as a language of culture.[46]. Italian grammar is typical of the grammar of Romance languages in general. The Renaissance era, known as il Rinascimento in Italian, was seen as a time of "rebirth", which is the literal meaning of both renaissance (from French) and rinascimento (Italian). Geminate plosives and affricates are realized as lengthened closures. Italian is widely taught in many schools around the world, but rarely as the first foreign language. Italians) are not capitalized. Mutual intelligibility with Italian varies widely, as it does with Romance languages in general. There are two types of demonstrative pronouns: relatively near (this) and relatively far (that). He reports that in 1951 that percentage had risen to 87%. 'I see him.'). Of special interest to the linguistic study of Regional Italian is the gorgia toscana, or "Tuscan Throat", the weakening or lenition of intervocalic /p/, /t/, and /k/ in the Tuscan language. In contrast to the Gallo-Italic linguistic panorama of northern Italy, the Italo-Dalmatian Neapolitan and its related dialects were largely unaffected by the Franco-Occitan influences introduced to Italy mainly by bards from France during the Middle Ages, but after the Norman conquest of southern Italy, Sicily became the first Italian land to adopt Occitan lyric moods (and words) in poetry. Even in the case of Northern Italian languages, however, scholars are careful not to overstate the effects of outsiders on the natural indigenous developments of the languages. Another example is Cocoliche, an Italian–Spanish pidgin once spoken in Argentina and especially in Buenos Aires, and Lunfardo. On the other hand, Corsican (a language spoken on the French island of Corsica) is closely related to medieval Tuscan, from which Standard Italian derives and evolved. Italian was also one of the many recognised languages in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In England, while the classical languages Latin and Greek were the first to be learned, Italian became the second most common modern language after French, a position it held until the late eighteenth century when it tended to be replaced by German. There are seven forms for definite articles, both singular and plural. [41], Although over 17 million Americans are of Italian descent, only a little over one million people in the United States speak Italian at home. Italian has three degrees for comparison of adjectives: positive, comparative, and superlative.[76]. (The La Spezia–Rimini Line, the most important isogloss in the entire Romance-language area, passes only about 20 miles to the north of Florence.) Word order often has a lesser grammatical function in Italian than in English. Preservation of geminate consonants, e.g. The Protestant Reformation began with Martin Luther's rejection of the selling of indulgences by Johann Tetzel and other authorities within the Roman Catholic Church, resulting in Luther's eventual break-off from the Roman Catholic Church in the Diet of Worms. sg. The voiced postalveolar fricative /ʒ/ is present as a phoneme only in loanwords: for example, garage [ɡaˈraːʒ]. For a group composed of boys and girls, ragazzi is the plural, suggesting that -i is a general plural. Hier sollte eine Beschreibung angezeigt werden, diese Seite lässt dies jedoch nicht zu. Nevertheless, on the basis of accumulated differences in morphology, syntax, phonology, and to some extent lexicon, it is not difficult to identify that for the Romance varieties of Italy, the first extant written evidence of languages that can no longer be considered Latin comes from the ninth and tenth centuries C.E. An increase in literacy was one of the main driving factors (one can assume that only literates were capable of learning Standard Italian, whereas those who were illiterate had access only to their native dialect). Italian was the official language of Eritrea during Italian colonisation. Italian is known as the language of music because of its use in musical terminology and opera; numerous Italian words referring to music have become international terms taken into various languages worldwide.

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