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[27], Buildings and other structures were extensively damaged during the earthquake, but roadways and railways also experienced disturbances. In the days following the earthquake, the normally quiet airstrip was receiving up to 180 flights per day carrying food, medical supplies, and disaster management experts. Je těžké si to představit před téměř třiceti letydošlo k zemětřesení. It has been created collecting TMs from the European Union and United Nations, and aligning the best domain-specific multilingual websites. The South Caucasus Railway CJSC, is the current operator of the railway sector in Armenia.[54]. The Renaissance international music festival of Gyumri is held annually since 2009. New air traffic control equipment allowed airport workers to identify planes in a 400-kilometre (250-mile) radius. Stránka byla naposledy editována 29. Usage Frequency: 1 Podnebí je zde mírně kontinentální. Another 19th-century ashik Sheram who was born in Alexandropol, is one of the earliest gusans of traditional Armenian music in the modern history of Armenia. Gyumri ou Gumri (en arménien Գյումրի) est la capitale et la principale ville du marz de Shirak, dans le nord-ouest de l'Arménie.Avec 146 969 habitants en 2008 [1], elle est la deuxième ville de l'Arménie après la capitale Erevan.. D'abord connu sous le nom de Kumaïri, le hameau, devenu « Gyumri », ne se développe vraiment qu'au XIX e siècle. Moderní město je velmi krásné. Elle est un avant-poste important pour l'armée russe impériale en Transcaucasie, où de petits postes militaires sont établies[5]. Pak tady a začali žít řemeslníci, známí po celé zemi. The unrest and the opposition movement began in September 1988 with negotiations between the Karabakh Committee and Gorbachev taking place throughout most of 1989. Yeganian, Gohar, geboren te Leninakan (Armenië) op 8 december 1969. Gyumri is home to many prominent museums of Armenia, including the House-Museums of sculptor Sergey Merkurov, poets Avetik Isahakyan and Hovhannes Shiraz, and actor Mher Mkrtchyan. En 1830, elle ne compte encore que 11 280 habitants ; c'est alors la seule ville totalement arménienne d'Arménie orientale[8]. The Pahlavunis had a great contribution in the progress of Shirak with the foundation of many fortresses, monastic complexes, educational institutions, etc. Také v životě města hrála velká roleruční práce. Le district de la vieille ville, que les habitants appellent par le nom d'origine de la ville, Kumaïri, est, avec son millier de bâtiments des XVIIIe et XIXe siècles un des seuls endroits du pays où il est possible de visiter une ville arménienne typique de cette époque[26]. Gyumri (Armenie: Գյումրի, "Gyoumri") is the caipital an lairgest ceety o the Shirak Province in northwast Armenie.It is locatit aboot 120 km frae the caipital Yerevan, an, wi a population o 168,918 (2008; up frae 150,917 reportit at the 2001 census), is the seicont-lairgest ceety in Armenie.. The town was an important outpost for the Imperial Russian armed forces in the Transcaucasus where their military barracks were established (e.g., at Poligons, Severski, Kazachi Post). L'Arménie signe donc le traité d'Alexandropol pour arrêter l'avancée des Turcs, mettant ainsi un terme à la guerre arméno-turque[14]. (Photo : Istituto per la Cooperazione Universitaria), Met EG-spoedhulp van 10 milj. The dialect of Gyumri is a variant of Karin dialect, closely related to Western Armenian.[25]. The M-7 Motorway passes across the Shirak Province from east to west, connecting the city of Gyumri with the rest of Armenia. Proto je nyní možné setkat se s názvem "Leninakan" a "Gyumri". La population a atteint 32 000 habitants à la fin du XIXe siècle[5]. The group, including a structural engineer who specialized in seismic-resistant designs, agreed that building inadequacies were the primary reason why the strong (but not huge) earthquake was so damaging, although the freezing temperatures also played a role in the unusually high death toll. Under the foreign rulers, the town had gradullay lost its significance during the following centuries, until the establishment of the Zakarid Principality of Armenia in 1201 under the Georgian protectorate. V důsledku toho se Gyumri stal přeplněným. [39], As of July 1989 about $500 million in donations had been delivered to the Armenians from 113 countries. Taxis are available in the city at any time of the day or night.[55]. Hovhannisyan echtgenote Pogosian, Armenuhi, geboren te Leninakan (Armenië) op 24 juni 1968. The Soviets had modified their construction style to accommodate the known seismic risk in the area, but they acknowledged to the team that many of the buildings were not built to withstand an earthquake of that magnitude. Leninakan se stal důležitým železničním uzlem, který mu umožnil aktivně se rozvíjet v kulturní a socioekonomické sféře. Gyumri, à 126 km au nord d'Erevan, n'est qu'à 196 km à vol d'oiseau de la mer Noire et à 2 760 km de Moscou[18]. [31], The presence of the small Russian Orthodox community along with the Russian military base personnel is marked with the Saint Alexandra the Martyr's Church (within the Russian base), the Church of Saint Michael the Archangel and the Church of Saint Arsenije.[32]. [42], The restoration process of the damaged buildings of Gyumri has been spearheaded by Earthwatch to preserve the city's unique architecture.[47]. Buildings that didn't collapse featured well-maintained masonry and skeletal components that were joined together adequately in a way that allowed for the building to resist seismic waves. In Leninakan there was a need for 18 new hospitals, 12 of which could be funded with the assistance of the republics of the Soviet Union, but foreign help would be required to build six additional facilities. Zničilo toto zemětřesení v Arménii Leninakan,Kirovakan, Stepanavan a Spitak. Leonid Bibin, deputy chairman of the state building committee, stated that many newer homes collapsed as well and that he was beginning an investigation into the matter and that criminal charges would be brought. Sa construction a débuté en 1858 et s'est achevée en 1876. Gyumri est la deuxième ville d’Arménie par sa population, son industrie et son importance culturelle et scientifique[2]. Gyumri has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), characterized by freezing and snowy winters where the minimum temperature in extreme spells can plummet to −41 °C or −41.8 °F. Hodně lidí zmizelo. Acopian a fait construire cette église massive en basalte gris clair en l'honneur de sa petite-fille[30]. This page was last edited on 28 September 2020, at 07:15. Chatshatrian, Gegam, geboren te Leninakan (Armenië) op 9 juni 1979. Saint Gregory the Illuminator's Church, built between 1875 and 1880. Můžete tedy létat přímo z Moskvy. [30] There are around 16,000 Armenian Catholics in the Shirak Province. Beginning with late 1987 the Caucasus region was experiencing a surge in political turmoil with large and near constant demonstrations being held in the capital of Yerevan beginning in February 1988. Kumayri historic district: is the old part of Gyumri with its unique architecture. Důkazem toho jsou poznatky archeologů: nástroje, kovové výrobky, dílny na lití železa, krypty, ozdoby, předměty z domácnosti vyrobené z kamene a jílu: misky, poháry, džbány a další věci. In 1837 Russian Tsar Nicholas I arrived in Gyumri and changed the name into Alexandropol. 2020 v 17:02. [5], Later in 331 BC, the entire territory was included in the Ayrarat province of Ancient Armenian Kingdom as part of the Shirak canton. Právě na jedné z nástupíšť je železniční muzeum. Armenia is among the top 10 safest countries where one can wander around and go home alone safely at night. Un atelier de céramique artisanale et de tapisserie de Gumri s'efforce de relancer ces deux formes d'artisanat traditionnel local de qualité[35],[36]. The economy of Gyumri is mainly based on industry and construction. Ještě rychleji se spolu s taxikáři. As of 2017, Gyumri is home to the following higher educational centers: In 2014, the Gyumri Technology Center was opened in the city, in an attempt to turn Gyumri into a regional and international center of information and high technologies. On 10 May 1920, the local Bolshevik Armenians aided by the Muslim population, attempted a coup d'état in Alexandropol against the Dashnak government of Armenia. Starobylé město je jako kamenná oáza, ve kterém jepřekvapivě úspěšně spojily rané a moderní budovy. In order to prevent kidney failure or death, the treatment requires prompt hospitalization, and, according to the doctor, the victims were not receiving adequate medication and dialysis and, as a result, most died before the arrival of the first foreign dialysis machines. The annual precipitation averages 486 millimetres or 19.13 inches. Gyumri is home to the Armenian football club FC Shirak. Pod sovětskou vládou se stal Alexandropolzavolat Leninakanu. Shirak are one of the most popular football teams in Armenia, having won the championship of the Armenian Premier League four times, with the most recent one in the 2012–13 season. La température moyenne annuelle est de 10 °C, avec une moyenne de −8 °C en janvier (la température minimale descend jusqu'à −20 °C) et de 30 °C en juillet (pouvant monter jusqu'à 45 °C[18]). Saint Jacob of Nisibis Church: or Surp Hakob Mtsbinetsi Church, opened in 2005. However, tourism and banking services are also among the developed sectors in the city. A s nimi můžete bezpečně vyjednávat a snadno odmítnout cenu. The range is situated along an active seismic belt that stretches from the Alps in southern Europe to the Himalayas in Asia. D'abord connu sous le nom de Kumaïri, le hameau, devenu « Gyumri », ne se développe vraiment qu'au XIXe siècle. Záchranných prací se účastnili i záchranáři z tehdejšího Československa. Stále více tam byly trhy, obchody, velké a malé obchody. As of 2017, the one-way trip fee is AMD 100 (around US$0.21). The Russian 102nd Military Base is located in the city. Gyumri Central Park, founded during the 1920s on the site of the old cemetery of the city. Avec 146 969 habitants en 2008[1], elle est la deuxième ville de l'Arménie après la capitale Erevan. Osídlení ještě nemělo status města a bylo nazýváno Alexandropol. Fanoušci, kteří se těší z pohledu, by si měli vybratzpůsoby dopravy. Arménie měla těžké chvíle, ale dokázala to přežít. Following independence, the original name Kumayri was used until 1992, when Gyumri was chosen as the name of the city. The residents here have a distinct look and style, and a boundless pride in their city. Také asi šedesát vesnic republiky se stalo zříceninou a dalších čtyři sta vesnic bylo částečně zničeno. The average altitude is 5,900 feet (1,800 metres) above sea level.There are no lowlands: half the territory lies at altitudes of 3,300 to 6,600 feet; only about one-tenth lies below the 3,300-foot mark. The first well-documented case of liquefaction in gravelly sands was in regard to the 1983 Borah Peak earthquake in the United States. The newspaper Pravda complained that the lack of cranes meant that "seconds and hours are being lost—that means lives." Co je pozoruhodné, Leninakan se nachází v nebezpečné seismické zóně. Les travaux débutent à l'été 2007, obligeant à fermer l'aéroport durant plusieurs mois. Na začátku století se město a okolní oblasti staly součástí Ruské říše. [38], In February 1989 one hundred construction workers were assembling temporary housing for themselves in Leninakan with a plan to start on the local population's housing by the end of the month, though schools and factories were also on the list of facilities to be rebuilt. Původní město Spitak bylo znovu obnoveno, avšak již na jiném místě nedaleko svého původního. Poprvé jsem v Gjumri alias Leninakan navštívila v roce 2017 a letos jsem tam zavítala opět. Futsal -representing the Shirak State University- will also participate in the domestic league competition. Jen kvůli této významné události se Gyumri stalo známým a rozvinutým sídlem v Zakavkazsku. գյումրեցիների գնահատականը մեկդարյա «Անուշ»-ի առաջնախաղին, Ապրիլի մեկի խորհուրդն ու գյումրվա հումորի առանձնահատկությունները, «Սարի պես բանցր Գյումրին» եւ նրա հումորի լեգենդները, Armenia among the top 10 safest countries, "1837թ. Arménie. J.-C., peut-être vers 401 av. J.-C.[2] ; cette hypothèse repose sur une identification incertaine avec la ville de Gymnias mentionnée par Xénophon[3],[4]. The rail line was then extended from Alexandropol to Yerevan (in 1902), Kars (in 1902), Jolfa (in 1906), and Tabriz. On the other hand, summer in Gyumri is relatively hot with temperatures reaching up to 38 °C or 100.4 °F. Après l'indépendance de l'Arménie en 1991 elle retrouve son nom de Gyumri. Depuis septembre 2008, la place a changé de visage avec ses nouvelles fontaines et monuments, notamment une œuvre du sculpteur Artouch Papoyan qui trône à 5,50 m de haut et qui représente plusieurs figures emblématiques du pays tel que Vardan Mamikonian. Misakyan, Gohar Genrikovna, geboren te Leninakan (Armenië) op 3 september 1971. Going westward the fault split into two branches, a north-dipping reverse fault (north branch) and a right slip fault (south branch), but neither produced surface rupture. [57] The city is also home to the "Factory of Bending Machinses" opened in 1912, the "Arshaluys" hosiery manufacturing enterprise established in 1926, the "Karhat" machine tools plant opened in 1959, the "Chap Chemical LLC" since 1999, the "Armtex Group" clothing factory since 2000, and the "Lentex" hosiery manufacturing plant is operating since 2001. Stojí to za to, že se do města dostanete vlakem z Jerevanu. Une des églises historiques qui figure parmi les plus importantes est l'église du Saint-Sauveur (Sourb-Amenaprkich), ressemblant à la cathédrale d'Ani. [15], The three cities closest to the fault rupture experienced different levels of damage. However, during another Turkish invasion, Turkish troops attacked Alexandropol and occupied the city on 7 November 1920. Leninakan est un centre industriel majeur pour la République socialiste soviétique arménienne et la deuxième ville de par la taille, après Erevan. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. [49] The jokes and anecdotes of famous local humorists like Jgher Khachik and Poloz Mukuch are widely known by the local citizens. En effet aujourd'hui, le rail est principalement utilisé pour le fret. Activity in the area is associated with tectonic plate boundary interaction and the source of the event was slip on a thrust fault just to the north of Spitak. In 1902, the first bank in the city was opened. Elle a été énormément endommagée par le tremblement de terre de 1988, mais elle est actuellement en reconstruction ; les travaux devraient être achevés en 2010[29]. Throughout the 19th century, Alexandrapol was considered the centre of folk and traditional Armenian music. [3] Historians believe that Xenophon passed through Kumayri during his return to the Black Sea, a journey immortalized in his Anabasis. La partie ouest est la plus haute, composée de deux plateaux élevés. Another adverse effect of the disaster was that the Armenians were already distrustful of Gorbachev's dismissal of their claims to the disputed territory of Nagorno-Karabakh, which the Armenians had been contesting with neighboring Azerbaijan. Passengers need to pay the money directly to the driver when getting out of the vehicle, with no established ticketing system. During the period of the Russian rule, Gyumri became one of the developing cities in the Transcaucasus. Le site reste sporadiquement habité pendant deux millénaires, jusqu'à ce qu'une forteresse russe majeure y soit construite en 1837[2]. Private donations from the United States were also significant. V Leninakanu je stanice, která sama o soběpředstavuje zajímavou architektonickou strukturu. Gorbachev, in a TV interview several weeks after his expedited return from New York City, said that the concrete blocks had been built with more than enough sand but too little concrete, and suggested that the concrete had been stolen. Alexandropol had been quickly transformed to become one of the major centres of the Russian troops during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78. [15], Being under the Soviet rule, the name of the city was changed in 1924 to Leninakan after the deceased Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin. Nejvýznamnější období ve vývoji Leninakanuse stalo devatenáctým stoletím. During the first half of the 18th century, Kumayri became part of the Erivan Khanate under the rule of the Afsharid dynasty and later under the Qajar dynasty of Persia. Surp Sarkis Chapel, built in 2008 and opened in 2011. Tento obrat cítil jak město, tak celé Arménie. [35], The French arrived in Armenia in the late evening on Friday, December 9 and relieved the exhausted Armenian workers who then returned to Yerevan. Arménie, (plným názvem Arménská republika, arménsky Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն, Hajastani Hanrapetuthjun), je vnitrozemský stát ležící v Zakavkazsku.Podle některých definic hranice mezi Evropou a Asií je součástí Evropy, nicméně podle obecně přijímaných patří do Asie. Hammer, known for his decades of work with the Occidental Petroleum Corporation, had spoken with Gorbachev prior to leaving and was carrying with him $1 million in relief funds. Na území města se půda skládá z úrodné černé země. The tapes were then played back and the P-wave and S-wave arrival times were used to automatically determine aftershock locations. The city is notable for its worldwide champions in individual sports, such as Robert Emmiyan in long jump, Yurik Vardanyan and Nazik Avdalyan in weightlifting and Artur Aleksanyan in Greco-Roman wrestling. In 1849, the Alexandropol Uyezd became part of the Erivan Governorate. Hovhannisyan épouse Pogosian, Armenuhi, née à Leninakan (Arménie) le 24 juin 1968. Odstranilo důsledky zemětřesení o desetroky. A huge decline of the population was due to the disastrous earthquake of 1988. O něco později, v okolí, byla postavena ruská tvrz, vojenské opevnění a vesnické osady pro vojáky. Dans les faits, il faut contourner la frontière arméno-turque en passant par la Géorgie : un trajet de douze heures environ. Kouymjian, Dickran (1997), "Armenia from the Fall of the Cilician Kingdom (1375) to the Forced Migration under Shah Abbas (1604)" in, A. Bakhchinyan. [1], https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zemětřesení_v_Arménii_1988&oldid=18457710, licencí Creative Commons Uveďte autora – Zachovejte licenci. The cities of Spitak, Leninakan (Gyumri) and Kirovakan (Vanadzor) were greatly affected with large losses of life and devastating effects to buildings and other structures. V Zakavkazsku existuje mnoho měst,kterému je Arménie slavná. It was consecrated in 1901 and destroyed during the Soviet days. The engineers who scrutinized the damaged buildings and the rescue workers who had dismantled the buildings while extricating survivors ascribe both design shortcomings and improper construction methods for the failure of the buildings. Gyumri étant la ville où est né et a vécu le poète Hovhannès Chiraz, elle abrite logiquement un musée dans la maison qu'il a habitée. Different genres of music became popular in the city during the 2nd half of the 20th century. Chrysler chairman Lee Iacocca arranged for a fund drive, and in Chicago (one of five major Armenian population centers in the US) the community raised $800,000 and donated 9,000 kilograms (20,000 lb) of supplies. We're part of Translated, so if you ever need professional translation services, then go checkout our main site, Usage Frequency: 1, Usage Frequency: 2, Hovhannisyan épouse Pogosian, Armenuhi, née à. Multiple new airlines began operating flights to the airport, including Taron Avia, a new Armenian airline based in Gyumri. Gyumri stojí za návštěvu a poznává bohatou historii. The native of Gyumri and former Shirak player Artur Petrosyan was the all-time leading scorer for the Armenia national football team until his record was surpassed by Henrikh Mkhitaryan in 2013. It is home to four natural-grass and two artificial turf regular-sized football training pitches.[62]. Contrairement à celles de la capitale Erevan, elles ne sont pas aménagées en « autoroutes » 2x2 voies. [19], The Soviet news media and government officials soon began to discuss the apparent substandard construction styles that had caused so many of Armenia's buildings to collapse. Depuis sa création, c'est l'unique structure de toute la CEI à avoir organisé des biennales internationales d'art contemporain (la première a eu lieu en 1998) de ce niveau[37]. After the establishment of the railway station in 1899, Alexandropol witnessed a significant growth and became the largest city in Eastern Armenia. Abgarian, Raisa, geboren te Leninakan (Armenië) op 3 september 1948. A group of French recording artists and actors came together with the French writer and composer Charles Aznavour to record the 1989 song "Pour toi Arménie" (For you Armenia). Along the western segments the fault split into two branches with one to the southwest and the other to the northwest. À partir des années 1970, il prend le nom d'« Olympia Leninkan » qu'il gardera jusqu'en 1991 et la chute du communisme. À l'époque, la ville est considérée comme plus importante qu'Erevan, plus effacée, jusqu'à ce qu'elle soit proclamée capitale de la Première République d'Arménie en 1918 puis de la République socialiste soviétique d'Arménie en 1920. Another printing house, Ayg (founded 1892), published historical books and the first periodical of Gyumri, Akhuryan. In 1829, in the aftermath of the Russo-Turkish War, there was a big influx of Armenian population, as around 3,000 families who had migrated from territories in the Ottoman Empire -in particular from the towns of Kars, Erzurum, and Doğubeyazıt- settled in and around Gyumri. L'église Sourp-Asdvatzadzin trônant sur la place centrale de la ville en est un des monuments symboliques. 541 000 lidí zůstalo bez přístřeší. MyMemory is the world's largest Translation Memory. However, many historic churches in Gyumri were either ruined or destroyed, including: As of 2017[update], Gyumri is home to the following church buildings:[33].

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